Démarrer Ubuntu avec GRUB2: comment ajouter une entrée de démarrage dans GRUB2?
Hier soir, j'ai décidé de franchir le pas et d'installer Ubuntu en tant que composant complémentaire de mon système à double démarrage (avec Windows 7). Malheureusement, tout le processus a été difficile, notamment pour que le chargeur de démarrage soit correctement configuré.
Un bref résumé historique, pour le contexte complet de la situation:
Généré et installé Ubuntu 11.04 x64 à partir d’une configuration de lecteur USB sur une machine Windows 7. J'ai eu du mal à faire démarrer le programme d'installation, jusqu'à ce que j'ai appris que je ne pouvais pas utiliser mon port USB3.0. Basculé sur le port USB 2.0, poursuite de l'installation.
J'ai un disque dur de 1 To que j'ai divisé en deux dans le but d'un double démarrage: une partition de 500 Go pour Windows 7 et un disque de 500 Go pour Ubuntu (à l'exclusion des partitions de fichiers de démarrage/échange). La partition Ubuntu a été installée avec le système de fichiers ext4. L’installation s’est terminée sans aucun problème apparent et il a été invité à redémarrer.
Au redémarrage, je me suis retrouvé dans l'ancien chargeur de démarrage de Windows, qui a immédiatement lancé Windows. J'ai joué avec un utilitaire appelé EasyBCD pour tenter d'ajouter une entrée Linux à ma partition nouvellement installée, mais en vain.
Ensuite, j'ai démarré Ubuntu directement à partir du lecteur USB et installé GRUB2 sur la partition de démarrage en suivant les étapes décrites ici . J'ai également lancé l'étape ("update-grub") pour générer un nouveau fichier 'grub.cfg', qui a ajouté une entrée à mon ancien chargeur de démarrage 'Windows 7', mais pas à ma nouvelle partition Ubuntu! Lorsque j'ai redémarré, le chargeur de démarrage GRUB2 a démarré avec succès, mais mon Ubuntu n'a toujours pas pu être trouvé/démarré dans la liste des systèmes d'exploitation disponibles.
Quelqu'un a-t-il une idée de la façon dont je devrais modifier/mettre à jour cette configuration, de sorte qu'elle pointe correctement vers ma nouvelle installation Ubuntu?
Quelques informations utiles ...
"fdisk -l":
Disque/dev/sdd: 1000,2 Go, 1000204886016 octets
255 têtes, 63 secteurs/piste, 121601 cylindres
Unités = cylindres de 16065 * 512 = 8225280 octets
Taille du secteur (logique/physique): 512 octets/512 octets
Taille d'E/S (minimum/optimal): 512 octets/512 octets
Identificateur de disque: 0xb209a592
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdd2 13 60555 486297600 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdd3 60555 120143 478642176 83 Linux
/dev/sdd4 120143 121602 11717633 5 Extended
/dev/sdd5 120143 121602 11717632 82 Linux swap / Solaris
entrées "grub.cfg":
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdd1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos1)' search --no-floppy
--fs-uuid --set=root 08BAB5B0BAB59B20 chainloader +1 }
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
"sortie de boot_info_script:
Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdd and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos1)/grub on this drive.
=> Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sde.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows XP
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows XP
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdd1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /grub/grub.cfg /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /grub/core.img
sdd2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdd3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab
sdd4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdd5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sde1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.04 2011-04-18
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 8448 of /dev/sde1 for its
second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory.
The integrity check of the ADV area failed. No errors
found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 63 1,953,520,064 1,953,520,002 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sdb2 * 206,848 488,394,751 488,187,904 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdc _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdc1 63 1,953,520,064 1,953,520,002 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdd _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdd1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sdd2 206,848 972,802,047 972,595,200 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sdd3 972,802,048 1,930,086,399 957,284,352 83 Linux
/dev/sdd4 1,930,088,446 1,953,523,711 23,435,266 5 Extended
/dev/sdd5 1,930,088,448 1,953,523,711 23,435,264 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Drive: sde _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sde: 3926 MB, 3926949888 bytes
16 heads, 16 sectors/track, 29960 cylinders, total 7669824 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sde1 * 8,064 7,669,823 7,661,760 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 36BA3C8CBA3C4A9F ntfs Data Storage (Backup)
/dev/sdb1 90A09285A0927188 ntfs System Reserved
/dev/sdb2 88E09C67E09C5D6E ntfs Old OS HDD
/dev/sdc1 1CEE7227EE71F8FA ntfs Data Storage
/dev/sdd1 08BAB5B0BAB59B20 ntfs System Reserved
/dev/sdd2 30EEC43AEEC3F65E ntfs Operating System
/dev/sdd3 fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa ext4
/dev/sdd5 086c0085-650b-495f-b9e8-e7e637fac705 swap
/dev/sde1 FC8F-97FE vfat PENDRIVE
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sde1 /cdrom vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
============================= sdd1/grub/grub.cfg: ==============================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
}
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 43000377-e88b-4373-975e-66146de829ce
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 08BAB5B0BAB59B20
set locale_dir=($root)/grub/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
# menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os {
# insmod part_msdos
# insmod ntfs
# set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)'
# search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 90A09285A0927188
# chainloader +1
# }
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdd1)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 08BAB5B0BAB59B20
chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdd1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? grub/core.img 1
?? = ?? grub/grub.cfg 1
=========================== sdd3/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
}
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa ro single
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 90A09285A0927188
chainloader +1
}
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdd1)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdd,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 08BAB5B0BAB59B20
chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sdd3/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier
# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name
# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/sdd3 during installation
UUID=fb62baf1-e6a7-4e0d-ada2-2efb52ab12fa / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sdd5 during installation
UUID=086c0085-650b-495f-b9e8-e7e637fac705 none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdd3: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
476.025924683 = 511.128944640 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
465.547851562 = 499.878199296 boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic 2
686.000980377 = 736.587943936 boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic 1
465.547851562 = 499.878199296 initrd.img 2
686.000980377 = 736.587943936 vmlinuz 1
=========================== sde1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod gfxterm
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash --
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Install Ubuntu" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash --
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash --
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
========================= sde1/syslinux/syslinux.cfg: ==========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
Prompt 0
timeout 50
# If you would like to use the new menu and be presented with the option to install or run from USB at startup, remove # from the following line. This line was commented out (by request of many) to allow the old menu to be presented and to enable booting straight into the Live Environment!
# ui gfxboot bootlogo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sde1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================= sde1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
?? = ?? syslinux/gfxboot.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux/syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? syslinux/vesamenu.c32 1
============== sde1: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: ===============
syslinux/gfxboot.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
syslinux/vesamenu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
unlzma: Decoder error
/home/ubuntu/Desktop/boot_info_script.sh: line 1579: [: 2.73495e+09: integer expression expected
Je voudrais utiliser le tutoriel posté , procédure numéro 2 là-bas. Avant d'envoyer les commandes, assurez-vous que /dev/sdd est le lecteur 1 To prévu.
Sudo mount /dev/sdd3 /mnt
Sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdd
Cela installera le chargeur Grub au début du lecteur et dans le répertoire /boot sur sdd3.
Vous n'avez pas besoin de lancer la section update-grub ici. Accédez ensuite au BIOS et marquez le lecteur sdd comme périphérique d'amorçage principal.