web-dev-qa-db-fra.com

Comment puis-je afficher la structure de la table dans une requête SQL Server?

SELECT DateTime, Skill, Name, TimeZone, ID, User, Employee, Leader 
FROM t_Agent_Skill_Group_Half_Hour AS t

J'ai besoin de voir la structure de la table dans une requête.

sql-server
37
Bassam Qarib

Pour SQL Server, si vous utilisez une version plus récente, vous pouvez utiliser

select *
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where TABLE_NAME='tableName'

Il y a différentes façons d'obtenir le schéma. En utilisant ADO.NET, vous pouvez utiliser les méthodes schema . Utilisez la méthode DbConnection's GetSchema ou DataReader 's GetSchemaTable .

Si vous avez un lecteur pour la requête, vous pouvez faire quelque chose comme ceci:

using(DbCommand cmd = ...)
using(var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
{
    var schema = reader.GetSchemaTable();
    foreach(DataRow row in schema.Rows)
    {
        Debug.WriteLine(row["ColumnName"] + " - " + row["DataTypeName"])
    }
}

Voir cet article pour plus de détails.

82
PHeiberg

sp_help tablename dans le serveur SQL

desc tablename dans Oracle

35
Vinoth_S

Essayez cette requête:

DECLARE @table_name SYSNAME
SELECT @table_name = 'dbo.test_table'

DECLARE 
      @object_name SYSNAME
    , @object_id INT

SELECT 
      @object_name = '[' + s.name + '].[' + o.name + ']'
    , @object_id = o.[object_id]
FROM sys.objects o WITH (NOWAIT)
JOIN sys.schemas s WITH (NOWAIT) ON o.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
WHERE s.name + '.' + o.name = @table_name
    AND o.[type] = 'U'
    AND o.is_ms_shipped = 0

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = ''

;WITH index_column AS 
(
    SELECT 
          ic.[object_id]
        , ic.index_id
        , ic.is_descending_key
        , ic.is_included_column
        , c.name
    FROM sys.index_columns ic WITH (NOWAIT)
    JOIN sys.columns c WITH (NOWAIT) ON ic.[object_id] = c.[object_id] AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
    WHERE ic.[object_id] = @object_id
)
SELECT @SQL = 'CREATE TABLE ' + @object_name + CHAR(13) + '(' + CHAR(13) + STUFF((
    SELECT CHAR(9) + ', [' + c.name + '] ' + 
        CASE WHEN c.is_computed = 1
            THEN 'AS ' + cc.[definition] 
            ELSE UPPER(tp.name) + 
                CASE WHEN tp.name IN ('varchar', 'char', 'varbinary', 'binary', 'text')
                       THEN '(' + CASE WHEN c.max_length = -1 THEN 'MAX' ELSE CAST(c.max_length AS VARCHAR(5)) END + ')'
                     WHEN tp.name IN ('nvarchar', 'nchar', 'ntext')
                       THEN '(' + CASE WHEN c.max_length = -1 THEN 'MAX' ELSE CAST(c.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR(5)) END + ')'
                     WHEN tp.name IN ('datetime2', 'time2', 'datetimeoffset') 
                       THEN '(' + CAST(c.scale AS VARCHAR(5)) + ')'
                     WHEN tp.name = 'decimal' 
                       THEN '(' + CAST(c.[precision] AS VARCHAR(5)) + ',' + CAST(c.scale AS VARCHAR(5)) + ')'
                    ELSE ''
                END +
                CASE WHEN c.collation_name IS NOT NULL THEN ' COLLATE ' + c.collation_name ELSE '' END +
                CASE WHEN c.is_nullable = 1 THEN ' NULL' ELSE ' NOT NULL' END +
                CASE WHEN dc.[definition] IS NOT NULL THEN ' DEFAULT' + dc.[definition] ELSE '' END + 
                CASE WHEN ic.is_identity = 1 THEN ' IDENTITY(' + CAST(ISNULL(ic.seed_value, '0') AS CHAR(1)) + ',' + CAST(ISNULL(ic.increment_value, '1') AS CHAR(1)) + ')' ELSE '' END 
        END + CHAR(13)
    FROM sys.columns c WITH (NOWAIT)
    JOIN sys.types tp WITH (NOWAIT) ON c.user_type_id = tp.user_type_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.computed_columns cc WITH (NOWAIT) ON c.[object_id] = cc.[object_id] AND c.column_id = cc.column_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints dc WITH (NOWAIT) ON c.default_object_id != 0 AND c.[object_id] = dc.parent_object_id AND c.column_id = dc.parent_column_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.identity_columns ic WITH (NOWAIT) ON c.is_identity = 1 AND c.[object_id] = ic.[object_id] AND c.column_id = ic.column_id
    WHERE c.[object_id] = @object_id
    ORDER BY c.column_id
    FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 2, CHAR(9) + ' ')
    + ISNULL((SELECT CHAR(9) + ', CONSTRAINT [' + k.name + '] PRIMARY KEY (' + 
                    (SELECT STUFF((
                         SELECT ', [' + c.name + '] ' + CASE WHEN ic.is_descending_key = 1 THEN 'DESC' ELSE 'ASC' END
                         FROM sys.index_columns ic WITH (NOWAIT)
                         JOIN sys.columns c WITH (NOWAIT) ON c.[object_id] = ic.[object_id] AND c.column_id = ic.column_id
                         WHERE ic.is_included_column = 0
                             AND ic.[object_id] = k.parent_object_id 
                             AND ic.index_id = k.unique_index_id     
                         FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 2, ''))
            + ')' + CHAR(13)
            FROM sys.key_constraints k WITH (NOWAIT)
            WHERE k.parent_object_id = @object_id 
                AND k.[type] = 'PK'), '') + ')'  + CHAR(13)

PRINT @SQL

Sortie:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[test_table]
(
      [WorkOutID] BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)
    , [DateOut] DATETIME NOT NULL
    , [EmployeeID] INT NOT NULL
    , [IsMainWorkPlace] BIT NOT NULL DEFAULT((1))
    , [WorkPlaceUID] UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NULL
    , [WorkShiftCD] NVARCHAR(10) COLLATE Cyrillic_General_CI_AS NULL
    , [CategoryID] INT NULL
    , CONSTRAINT [PK_WorkOut] PRIMARY KEY ([WorkOutID] ASC)
)

Lisez aussi ceci:

http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/67b45a/how-to-generate-a-create-table-script-for-an-existing-table/

14
Devart

Sur SQL Server 2012, vous pouvez utiliser la procédure stockée suivante:

sp_columns '<table name>'

Par exemple, étant donné une table de base de données nommée utilisateurs:

sp_columns 'users'
13
Jesuisme

Pour imprimer un schéma, j'utilise jade et fais une exportation dans un fichier de la base de données puis je l'amène dans Word pour formater et imprimer

0
steve